What was the choice in Malbeth’s prophecy about Arvedui, and could Arvedui have restored Arnor or reunited the realms had he lived?

A wooden sailing ship near the frozen shore of Forochel at dusk, with King Arvedui and fur-clad figures standing among the snow and ice.

On the frozen shore of Forochel, a ship appeared among the ice. Its sailors came to rescue a king whose capital had fallen, and the Snowmen who had sheltered him urged him not to go. Arvedui boarded anyway. A storm drove it against the ice, and the last King of Arthedain disappeared into the sea. … Read more

Why did Aragorn say “Earendil came to the Kings of Numenor, that is Westernesse”?

A ranger sits by a small campfire telling a tale to four hooded hobbits in a dark hollow beneath a hill crowned only by a few low, broken watchtower stones.

On the night of 6 October 3018, Aragorn sits with four hobbits in a sheltered hollow below Weathertop, with Black Riders nearby. He sings about Beren and Lúthien, then explains how their family survived into later ages. His final sentence is: “And of Eärendil came the Kings of Númenor, that is Westernesse.” The history he … Read more

Were the two holly trees at the West-gate of Moria the original trees planted in the Second Age, or only their descendants?

Two enormous evergreen holly trees standing beneath a pale cliff beside the dark lake at Moria's western entrance, with broad roots reaching towards the water.

The road to Moria’s western door does not end in a welcoming courtyard. It runs towards a dark lake, past rotting wood in the shallows, and into the shadow of a cliff. Yet close against that stone stand two immense holly trees, alive where so much around them has fallen into ruin. Their roots reach … Read more

Tal-Elmar shows the Numenorean conquest from the shore that was conquered

An imagined scene of Tal-Elmar and Hazad watching Númenórean ships approach the coast near Agar; the painted fleet is illustrative rather than an exact count of the four vessels in the text.

The great ships of Númenor usually enter Middle-earth as wonders. They bring tall mariners from beyond the Sea, heirs of the Edain who once fought beside the Elves. In the wider histories of the Second Age, their arrival can mean renewed friendship, exploration, havens, trade, war against Sauron, and eventually the rise of kingdoms whose … Read more

The High Kingship Never Returns to the House of Feanor After Maedhros Yields It

Maedhros acknowledges Fingolfin as High King beside Lake Mithrim while Fingon and the displeased sons of Fëanor witness the reconciliation.

When Fingon rescued Maedhros from the cliffs of Thangorodrim, he did more than save the life of Fëanor's eldest son. His extraordinary act of courage helped change the political future of the Noldor in Middle-earth. Maedhros had inherited his father's position as the foremost prince of the House of Fëanor. Yet after his rescue, he … Read more